<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear Ian,</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">    The difficult thing is that we only
      have ObsCore 1.1 and we discuss also with some future features of
      Obscore 1.2 in mind.</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">    But anyway :</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">        - As you say, ObsCore 1.1 has
      dataproduct_type  vocabulary defined in the ŝpec.</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">        - ObsCore 1.2 will (probably,
      almost certainly) use  <a
href="https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/2024-05-19/product-type.html">https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/</a>
      (any version) in dataproduct_type FIELD</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">        - in appendix B1.2 below the
      so-called rdf vocabulary is implicitly different from the
      product_type one.  because if it was <a
href="https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/2024-05-19/product-type.html">https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/</a>
      it would be useless. With syntaxes like the one in my point 2
      below (By the way thanks to Markus to have fixed it in a more
      rigorous way in his own answer to may May 28th email:<span
      style="white-space: pre-wrap"> "WHERE 1=ivo_vocmatch(</span><span
      style="white-space: pre-wrap">    'product-type', </span><span
      style="white-space: pre-wrap">    'event-list',</span><span
      style="white-space: pre-wrap">    dataproduct_type)"  </span>) you
      can always match the higher level types to any lower level one in
      the hierarchy. So it is useless twouse two fields for that. Except
      if we would like to use the 1.1 specification in dataproduct_type
      and a revised <a
href="https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/2024-05-19/product-type.html">https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/</a>
      in <br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">dataproduct_subtype FIELD. But I think
      it would be ugly and in the long term a very bad idea</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">         - So, if we need and want to
      use an IVOA rdf vocabulary in subtype, it SHOULD be a new one, a
      different one than  <a
href="https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/2024-05-19/product-type.html">https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/</a>.
      (this is also valid for content_qualifier in DataLink).  And I
      think it is needed because the underlying classification rules in
      dataproduct_type vocabulary is based on axes occurence and
      sampling and the response type is really something different.</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Cheers</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">François<br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">        <br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">     <br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Le 29/05/2025 à 18:18, Dr. Ian N. Evans
      a écrit :<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:E46B1BD9-9320-4CB0-B9BE-096B89A84CCE@cfa.harvard.edu">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      Hi Francois,
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>That is very helpful, but I’m a little unclear as to all the
        implications.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>I note that section B.1.2 specifically referees to the
        vocabulary RDF so you have the option of using the vocabulary
        for dataproduct_subtype.  However, this option is specifically
        NOT mentioned in the ObsCore Recommendation in association with
        dataproduct_type, so formally that implies using the vocabulary
        with the latter is not allowed (and that makes sense given that
        the Recommendation defines specific classifications for
        dataproduct_type).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>However, if I look at <a
href="https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/2024-05-19/product-type.html"
          moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/product-type/2024-05-19/product-type.html</a> there
        are no constraints identified as to where specific terms may be
        used, and the text of section B.1.2 similarly imposes no
        constraints.  That would seem to allow me to (for example)
        specify</div>
      <div>dataproduct_type = image and dataproduct_subtype =
        spatially-resolved-dataset, which would invert the parent-child
        relationship (or even dataproduct_type = sed,
        dataproduct_subtype = time-cube as an extreme example) as there
        is no formal relationship defined between the enumerated
        dataproduct_types in the Recommendation and the RDF vocabulary
        entries that can be used for dataproduct_subtype.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>I assume the formalisms needed to make these play cleanly
        together have yet to be developed?</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>(This is separate from my previous comments at the Malta
        Interop regarding the lack of rigorous definitions for some of
        the vocabulary entries that makes it unclear whether they do or
        do not work for HEA data.)</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>Thanks,</div>
      <div>—Ian</div>
      <div>
        <div><br>
          <blockquote type="cite">
            <div>On May 28, 2025, at 16:24, BONNAREL FRANCOIS gmail
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:francois.bonnarel@gmail.com"><francois.bonnarel@gmail.com></a> wrote:</div>
            <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
            <div>
              <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
                content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
              <div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hi Ian, all,</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">1 ) Using a new IVOA
                  vocabulary for "response functions" in the
                  dataproduct_subtype of ObsCore is perfectly allowed</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">See this section of the
                  spec</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">
                  <blockquote type="cite">B.1.2. Data Product Subtype
                    (dataproduct_subtype)<br>
                    In order to be more precise the data product type
                    may be refined with a second field, the data<br>
                    product subtype. Unlike the more generic
                    dataproduct_type, this field is intended to
                    precisely<br>
                    specify the scientific nature of the data product,
                    possibly in terms relevant only to a specific<br>
                    archive or data collection. While less useful for
                    global data discovery this allows the data<br>
                    products within a specific archive to be precisely
                    identified and referenced in queries of that<br>
                    specific archive. The data provider should define a
                    vocabulary sufficient to classify all science<br>
                    data products in their archive to be exposed with
                    ObsTAP. In the future we may be able to<br>
                    define broader standards to classify data at this
                    level, although it will likely always be the case<br>
                    that data differs at the level of specific
                    instrumental survey data collections. The data
                    product<br>
                    subtype allows data within a specific archive or
                    data collection to be precisely classified and<br>
                    referenced in subsequent discovery queries. The list
                    of terms defined for dataproduct_subtype<br>
                    labels should be published by the data centers and
                    documented. These can be gathered as<br>
                    an IVOA vocabulary in a RDF dedicated resource for
                    instance.<br>
                    However, in the meantime, the vocabulary used can be
                    discovered easily by a simple query<br>
                    based on ‘select distinct …’</blockquote>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Distinguishing terms which
                  are defined by the data provider only and others which
                  are part of an "official" IVOA vocabulary can easily
                  be done*</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">by using the full URI of
                  the term in the latter case. For example <br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">dataproduct_type : cube<br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">dataproduct_subtype : <a
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/responsefunction_type%23psf&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw2sqE7d0ipURWwYDmJISHCR"
                    moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/responsefunction_type#psf</a></div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">beside <br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">dataproduct_type  :
                  spectrum<br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">dataproduct_subtype
                  :hard-Xray (or whatever provider dependant term)</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"> <br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">2 ) Thinking more about it
                  and reading one of Bruno's emails claiming that
                  response functions may be multi-d cubes, spectra, or
                  images I don't think we need to set dataproduct_type
                  =  <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/responsefunction_type%23response-function&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw3sJAvG7qaxYzjssIFanOoD"
                    moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/responsefunction_type#response-function</a>
                  (even if I wrote that a week ago).</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"> </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Indeed , our IVOA
                  vocabularies are hierarchical and recognition software
                  should take this into account</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">A query with  a constraint
                  such as "WHERE ivoa_smaller(dataproduct_subtype,<a
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/responsefunction_type%23response-function&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw3sJAvG7qaxYzjssIFanOoD"
                    moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.ivoa.net/rdf/responsefunction_type#response-function</a>")
                  should validate for #psf, #lsf, #arf, etc....</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">3 ) This of course would be
                  interesting only in the case that response function
                  can be described by ObsCore attributes, which is not
                  obvious after reading the discussion between Ian and
                  Mireille</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Cheers</div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">François<br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Le 21/05/2025 à 20:16, Dr.
                  Ian N. Evans via heig a écrit :<br>
                </div>
                <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:10869BF3-31D3-4C34-B799-ED5B778A56BF@cfa.harvard.edu">
                  <meta http-equiv="content-type"
                    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
                  Hi Mireille,
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>In the current draft of the HEA ObsCore note, I
                    access a PSF using</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>dataproduct_type = ‘response-function’</div>
                  <div>dataproduct_subtype = ‘psf’</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>because a PSF is a type of response-function (and
                    there are many types of response function so adding
                    all of these separately as different
                    dataproduct_type would grow the list very
                    significantly.  Having said that, using
                    dataproduct_subtype may not be ideal because there
                    is not a vocabulary for the latter defined in
                    ObsCore.  In the future, if we were to migrate to a
                    dataproduct_type vocabulary that included all the
                    different types of products then I might do things
                    differently.</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>For Chandra, the PSF is dependent on off-axis
                    (theta) and azimuthal (phi) angles relative to the
                    mirror optical axis, and also energy (and the
                    detector can be moved relative to the mirror optical
                    axis so this does not translate to detector
                    coordinates).  Note that this also means that the
                    PSF varies significantly across the field of view of
                    a single observation.  Trying to query to find a PSF
                    in this manner would require significant
                    enhancements to ObsCore to support non-celestial
                    coordinate systems that will be facility-dependent.
                     However, to identify PSFs associated with a
                    particular source detection in a single observation,
                    one could use a query like (current use case A.1.3)</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">SELECT
                      * FROM ivoa.obscore</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">WHERE</div>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">(CONTAINS(POINT(s_ra,
                      s_dec), CIRCLE, 83.84358, -5.43639, 0.033333) = 1)</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">AND
                      (dataproduct_type EQ ‘response-function’)</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">AND
                      (dataproduct_subtype EQ ‘psf’)</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">AND
                      (obs_id = ‘4374’)</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">AND
                      (obs_collection = ‘CSC2’)</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"><br>
                    </div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">since
                      we have specified both an obs_id and a position on
                      the sky - which for a single observation will map
                      to a specific (theta, phi).  This would return all
                      PSFs for different energies for that source
                      detection and observation from CSC release 2.
                       Note that if I didn’t specify the obs_id, I would
                      get PSFs for all of the observations that included
                      that location on the sky (and the different
                      energies) from the catalog.  You would need the
                      obs_id to tie them to a specific observation.
                       However, perhaps you want to identify which (if
                      any) observations that include your source have
                      PSFs that are small enough to deblend a nearby
                      source (this can be complicated for Chandra since
                      off-axis PSFs have very complex, asymmetric
                      structures that vary with bth theta and phi).</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"><br>
                    </div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">We
                      don’t have any extant ObsCore tables for PSFs.  I
                      have tried to mock up a conceptual single entry
                      ObsCore table for a Chandra PSF - hopefully it
                      will be helpful.  I don’t know that all the values
                      are populated correctly, or even if the table and
                      column values would all validate.  </div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"><br>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                  <fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
                  <meta http-equiv="content-type"
                    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
                  <meta http-equiv="content-type"
                    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
                  <div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"><br>
                    </div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">With
                      regard to vocabulary, I prefer “response-function”
                      as the higher level concept rather than “irf”  (we
                      started out with just “response” but Markus
                      convinced me that term was too overloaded and
                      “response-function” is technically correct.
                       Response-functions are widely applicable across
                      multiple wavebands.  For example, a point spread
                      function is a type of response-function that is
                      used across all wavebands.  Similarly, a line
                      spread function is a response-function used in UV
                      through IR spectroscopy.  The term “irf” is not
                      generally used across all high-energy projects.
                       In the USA, most high-energy projects follow the
                      NASA HEASARC OGIP standards, and so will use “rmf”
                      for the redistribution matrix file” and “arf” for
                      the “auxiliary response file” (and will keep these
                      separate).  Internationally, some projects
                      historically used “irf” to represent the product
                      of the rmf and arf.  More recently some projects
                      have used “irf” as the equivalent of
                      “response-function” giving it a broader
                      interpretation.  So this can be a source of
                      confusion and lack of clarity.  I also note that
                      “irf” stands for “instrument response function”
                      and there are certainly response-functions such as
                      software filters (e.g., a modified Hanning filter
                      used for optimal extraction) where “instrument”
                      would be a misnomer.</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"><br>
                    </div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">I
                      might suggest something more like</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">response-function</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">arf
                      as child of response-function</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">rmf
                      as child of response-function</div>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">psf
                      as child of response-function</div>
                    <div
style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">lsf
                      as child of response-function (not HEA)</div>
                  </div>
                  <div>...</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>Is irf a child of response-function?  The
                    original usage of irf as product of rmf and arf
                    definitely would be.  Interpreted in a more general
                    way I would still say yes (“instrument response
                    function” is a child of “response function”.</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>I’m not convinced that background/background
                    rate/background noise are response-functions, and
                    these concepts have much wider applicability across
                    multiple wavebands.</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>Cheers,</div>
                  <div>—Ian</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <blockquote type="cite">
                        <div>On May 19, 2025, at 14:43, Mireille Louys
                          via heig <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                            href="mailto:heig@ivoa.net"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"><heig@ivoa.net></a>
                          wrote:</div>
                        <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                        <div>
                          <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
                            content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
                          <div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
                            <p>Hi Ian, hi folks,<br>
                            </p>
                            <p>Thanks for the various querying
                              scenarios. <br>
                            </p>
                            <p>I understand the PSF  use case you
                              describe would be something like: <br>
                            </p>
                            <p>give me all dataproduct_type='psf' with
                              additional constraints like<br>
                            </p>
                            <div>SELECT TOP 100 * FROM ivoa.ObsCore</div>
                            <div>WHERE obs_id='22830' and
                              dataproduct_type='psf'</div>
                            <div><br>
                            </div>
                            <div>How is the relationship between a PSF
                              data product with a data file? <br>
                            </div>
                            <div>through obs_id, obs_publisher_id, ? </div>
                            <div> <br>
                            </div>
                            <div>Can we explore how  the obscore1.1 
                              table would be filled  for a PSF data
                              product? <br>
                            </div>
                            <div>are there file examples? <br>
                            </div>
                            <div><br>
                            </div>
                            <div>I understand we identify here a
                              vocabulary to identify various irf file
                              like : "psf , irf, arf, rmf, background
                              noise, etc..."</div>
                            <div>with a kind of hierarchy like <br>
                            </div>
                            <div><i>irf</i></div>
                            <div><i>arf as child of irf <br>
                              </i></div>
                            <div><i>rmf as child of irf <br>
                              </i></div>
                            <div><i>psf as child of irf </i></div>
                            <div><i>back_ground_noise </i><br>
                            </div>
                            <div><br>
                            </div>
                            <div>with the assumption that em_ucd, sxel1,
                              sxel2, em_xel etc. can be filled in the
                              Obscore table.</div>
                            <div>Parametric functions could not be
                              described here.<br>
                            </div>
                            <p>so if these are obscore data
                              product_types we should be able to
                              describe these features. <br>
                            </p>
                            <p>the "content_qualifier" used in data
                              link,  if I remember well,  can be
                              something else than an obscore data
                              product type also. <br>
                            </p>
                            <p>(to be checked)</p>
                            <p>I will look deeper in this and come back
                              on the topic soon,</p>
                            <p>Cheers, Mireille<br>
                            </p>
                            <p><br>
                            </p>
                            <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Le 30/04/2025 à
                              19:52, Dr. Ian N. Evans via semantics a
                              écrit :<br>
                            </div>
                            <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:5BA6DAF3-9C7D-4323-AE77-5E7747BFE758@cfa.harvard.edu">
                              <meta http-equiv="content-type"
                                content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
                              <div dir="auto"
style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">Hi
                                Markus,
                                <div><br>
                                </div>
                                <div>See inline comments below.<br
                                    id="lineBreakAtBeginningOfMessage">
                                  <div><br>
                                    <blockquote type="cite">
                                      <div>On Apr 25, 2025, at 03:29,
                                        Markus Demleitner via heig <a
                                          class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                                          href="mailto:heig@ivoa.net"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><heig@ivoa.net></a>
                                        wrote:</div>
                                      <br
class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                                      <div>
                                        <div>Dear Mireille,<br>
                                          <br>
                                          Thanks for your VEP.<br>
                                          <br>
                                          On Thu, Apr 24, 2025 at
                                          06:16:36PM +0200, Mireille
                                          Louys via semantics wrote:<br>
                                          <blockquote type="cite">•
                                            Proposedefinitionsforaproduct-type
                                            *event-bundle:* An
                                            event-bundledataset<br>
                                            is a complex object
                                            containing an event-list and
                                            multiple files or<br>
                                            other substructures that are
                                            products necessary to
                                            analyse the event-list.<br>
                                            Data in an event-bundle may
                                            thus be used to produce
                                            higher leveldata<br>
                                            products such as images or
                                            spectra.<br>
                                          </blockquote>
                                          <br>
                                          I think the definition is
                                          reasonably clear and
                                          applicable in<br>
                                          practice.  Before merging
                                          this, however, I'd have a few
                                          requests for<br>
                                          clarification:<br>
                                          <br>
                                          (1) used-in: I really,
                                          *really* would like to see
                                          actual, published<br>
                                          data here (always, in all
                                          VEPs; it's a pain if we go
                                          into all the<br>
                                          trouble of defining a concept
                                          and then nobody's ever using
                                          it in<br>
                                          practice).  I see that CSC on
                                          <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/url?q%253Dhttp://cda.cfa.harvard.edu/csctap%2526source%253Dgmail-imap%2526ust%253D1746354088000000%2526usg%253DAOvVaw0j-MeVn0RHNoz8KtLXi1tH%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2DjRh3S8cB8tFIcUA80lAP&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw18-E2byHR_Abgs_u2Ac-12"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cda.cfa.harvard.edu/csctap&source=gmail-imap&ust=1746354088000000&usg=AOvVaw0j-MeVn0RHNoz8KtLXi1tH</a>
                                          (or<br>
                                          <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/url?q%253Dhttp://cda.cfa.harvard.edu/csc21tap%2526source%253Dgmail-imap%2526ust%253D1746354088000000%2526usg%253DAOvVaw3xeGe6fO6Vz7vemy8dYWD2%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3UWFd1iFdeRYI9WN2Qo6bS&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw0YWDP5vLy-XSKx5Zx2HxME"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cda.cfa.harvard.edu/csc21tap&source=gmail-imap&ust=1746354088000000&usg=AOvVaw3xeGe6fO6Vz7vemy8dYWD2</a>
                                          [1]) has an obscore table.  It<br>
                                          would really be excellent if
                                          they could mark up their event
                                          bundles<br>
                                          with the new term, such that
                                          we could say:<br>
                                          <br>
                                           used-in: dataset
                                          ivo://csc.harvard.edu/scsr2?some-obs-id
                                          on <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/url?q%253Dhttp://cda.cfa.harvard.edu/csctap%2526source%253Dgmail-imap%2526ust%253D1746354088000000%2526usg%253DAOvVaw0j-MeVn0RHNoz8KtLXi1tH%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2DjRh3S8cB8tFIcUA80lAP&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw18-E2byHR_Abgs_u2Ac-12"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cda.cfa.harvard.edu/csctap&source=gmail-imap&ust=1746354088000000&usg=AOvVaw0j-MeVn0RHNoz8KtLXi1tH</a><br>
                                          <br>
                                          That would help me maintain a
                                          clear consciousness when
                                          setting up the<br>
                                          new term[2].<br>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>I’m not sure that we would use
                                      event bundles for any of the CSC
                                      data product types, since our
                                      catalog users generally want to
                                      discover and retrieve individual
                                      data products (typically, many of
                                      the same data product such as a
                                      light curve or aperture photometry
                                      MPDF for a set of sources, such as
                                      all high redshift quasars).</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>We do make event bundles
                                      available through the Chandra Data
                                      Archive (CDA) ObsCore for
                                      individual observations, but we
                                      have been doing this for many
                                      years and therefore those bundles
                                      do not conform to the proposed
                                      ObsCore HE extension.  For
                                      example, at <a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://cda.harvard.edu/cxctap%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1osNhMXJN152xT0aElNEAx&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw3T3Tt1aM9_4MNrRNRt5sA2"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://cda.harvard.edu/cxctap</a> one
                                      might do a query like</div>
                                    <div>SELECT TOP 100</div>
                                    <div>       *</div>
                                    <div>FROM ivoa.ObsCore</div>
                                    <div>WHERE obs_id='22830'</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>The bundles currently have
                                      dataproduct_type = ‘’ and
                                      correspond to the Chandra
                                      “primary” and “primary” +
                                      “secondary” data product
                                      categories for the observation.
                                       The “primary” package includes a
                                      basic set of data products that an
                                      observer would need to analyze the
                                      observation and produce
                                      photometrically calibrated
                                      spectra, while the “secondary” set
                                      would be needed in addition if the
                                      user wanted to recalibrate the
                                      observation with updated
                                      calibrations (which we recommend
                                      because some updated calibrations
                                      only become available typically
                                      several months after an
                                      observation is completed as
                                      calibrations such as detector gain
                                      change with time).  The bundles
                                      are tarballs and have
                                      access_format “application/x-tar”.</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>Note that our bundles do not
                                      include responses, unlike (e.g.)
                                      CTAO.  This is partly because the
                                      spacecraft dithers on the sky
                                      during an observation so any
                                      target moves across the detector
                                      during the observation.  So the
                                      responses depend critically on the
                                      user’s choice of data filtering.
                                       We follow the HEASARC standards
                                      and provide separate RMF and ARF
                                      data products rather than a
                                      combined IRF.  For spectral
                                      fitting, the integrated ARF (i.e.,
                                      the effective area integrated over
                                      an energy range) also depends on
                                      the source spectral model, so we
                                      provide tools for the user to
                                      compute the responses and the data
                                      products needed to do so in the
                                      “primary” bundle.  See <a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://cxc.harvard.edu/cda/DataProdList.html%2523A%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0eJtuR1mszvZkzvJoxtC64&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw3rBHXXBKz2UBwf4_TolKei"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://cxc.harvard.edu/cda/DataProdList.html#A</a> for
                                      the list of Chandra primary and
                                      secondary products.</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <br>
                                    <blockquote type="cite">
                                      <div>
                                        <div><br>
                                          (2) Relationship: That's an
                                          operational field, i.e., I
                                          need to create<br>
                                          an RDF triple from this.  The
                                          question thus is: is
                                          #event-list wider<br>
                                          than #event-bundle or is it
                                          the other way round?  I could
                                          conjure up<br>
                                          arguments for both, so, as
                                          usual, I'd approach the
                                          question from the<br>
                                          user side: If I'm looking for
                                          #event-bundle, do I want to
                                          see<br>
                                          #event-list, too?  If I'm
                                          looking for #event-list, do I
                                          want to see<br>
                                          #event-bundle, too?  Whatever
                                          ought to encompass the other
                                          is the<br>
                                          wider term.<br>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>I would guess probably not, but
                                      maybe.  I think an event bundle
                                      will always include the event
                                      list, so if you are asking for an
                                      event bundle then the event list
                                      would be redundant.  Note that an
                                      event bundle could really be a
                                      physical bundle such as a tar file
                                      (as is the case for Chandra) or
                                      perhaps all the products are
                                      accessed via DataLink.  If
                                      somebody asks for an event list,
                                      they probably just want the event
                                      list but perhaps they don’t know
                                      about event bundles and therefore
                                      might like to see both.  There are
                                      definitely cases where they really
                                      do want just the event list - for
                                      example, a lot of folks are
                                      interested only in morphological
                                      studies and, especially if they
                                      want all observations of an object
                                      or class of object, bundles may
                                      add a lot of extra unwanted data
                                      volume.  Would it hurt to see
                                      them?  Well if your query returns
                                      500 event lists and also 500
                                      bundles it just muddies the
                                      waters.  For users of advanced
                                      data products (e.g., Chandra
                                      Source Catalog products) I suspect
                                      that bundles would likely never be
                                      desired (and as I said above, I
                                      don’t think we would provide
                                      them).</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>Conversely, some folks may only
                                      want responses and not the
                                      associated event lists.  At the
                                      catalog level for example, we have
                                      lots of folks who just want to
                                      download point spread functions.
                                       Why?  The Chandra PSF varies
                                      strongly (~factor of 50) across
                                      the field of view (with off-axis
                                      angle and azimuthal angle) and
                                      also with energy.  We actually
                                      archive the local PSF for every
                                      catalog detection at several
                                      energies, and with ~50,000 counts.
                                       So we effectively have a library
                                      of (currently) ~1.3 million
                                      Chandra PSFs at several energies
                                      that are catalog advanced data
                                      products and may save users from
                                      having to create their own PSFs.</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>A lot of our actual catalog
                                      usage cases start with users
                                      querying the catalog, then
                                      refining their sample and
                                      retrieving a subset of catalog
                                      data products (likely including
                                      event lists), then retrieving
                                      additional data products such as
                                      light curves, spectra, or aperture
                                      photometry products as they work
                                      through their analyses.  These
                                      products are not part of bundles,
                                      but we find this usage pattern of
                                      wanting to retrieve additional
                                      products in stages to be quite
                                      common for folks who are doing
                                      archival science (vs. those who
                                      are retrieving their own
                                      observation data).</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <br>
                                    <blockquote type="cite">
                                      <div>
                                        <div><br>
                                          (3) Rationale: If the answer
                                          to both of the two questions
                                          in the<br>
                                          preceding paragraph is "Yes",
                                          then it turns out the concepts
                                          are<br>
                                          identical (A ⊂ B and B ⊂ A
                                          implies A = B), and hence you
                                          really don't<br>
                                          want a new concept but
                                          augement #event-list to be
                                          something like,<br>
                                          say, "Event list, possibly
                                          augmented with ancillary
                                          information".<br>
                                          This points to an issue with
                                          your rationale: It basically
                                          argues that<br>
                                          there's something you would
                                          like to say.<br>
                                          <br>
                                          An aphorism I'm bringing up
                                          rather often these days is:
                                          "In protocol<br>
                                          design, don't think about what
                                          you want to say.  Think about
                                          what<br>
                                          others want to listen to."
                                           Hence, it's be really great
                                          if the<br>
                                          rationale said why someone
                                          would want to look for
                                          #event-bundle<br>
                                          *rather than* #event-list (or
                                          for #event-list rather than<br>
                                          #event-bundle, if the the
                                          former is the narrower term).
                                           Could you<br>
                                          provide that information in
                                          the Rationale section?<br>
                                          <br>
                                          Thanks,<br>
                                          <br>
                                                      Markus<br>
                                          <br>
                                          <br>
                                          [1] Regrettably, the CSC TAP
                                          services seem to be mildly
                                          broken at the<br>
                                          moment.  Coming in with http,
                                          they issue https redirects
                                          which<br>
                                          confuse TOPCAT; CXC folks: if
                                          you really need the forced
                                          redirects<br>
                                          (see<br>
                                          <a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/url?q%253Dhttps://blog.tfiu.de/foced-https-redirects-considered-harmful.html%2526source%253Dgmail-imap%2526ust%253D1746354088000000%2526usg%253DAOvVaw2y6JI9YuzGb_dp9cgELJym%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3Mx2gmG2CVqaJJvwc2y0Em&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw3tgksXl1UErZ_qMf66q5rQ"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"><https://www.google.com/url?q=https://blog.tfiu.de/foced-https-redirects-considered-harmful.html&source=gmail-imap&ust=1746354088000000&usg=AOvVaw2y6JI9YuzGb_dp9cgELJym></a>
                                          for<br>
                                          a better alternative) then
                                          please update your registry
                                          records to<br>
                                          point to the https URIs.  Even
                                          with https, however, I'm
                                          getting a<br>
                                          "cscrel2.dbo.obscore not
                                          found" error from TOPCAT when
                                          running<br>
                                          <br>
                                           select top 30 * from
                                          ivoa.obscore where
                                          dataproduct_type='event-list'<br>
                                          <br>
                                          It would be great if you could
                                          fix that (and a regular run of
                                          stilts<br>
                                          taplint is good practice
                                          anyway)<br>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    The https to http redirects is a
                                    known issue and should be fixed in
                                    the next full data system release,
                                    which is scheduled for mid-June.</div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>We’ll look into the other issue
                                    you reported.</div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div><br>
                                    <blockquote type="cite">
                                      <div>
                                        <div><br>
                                          [2] You see,<br>
                                          <a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/url?q%253Dhttps://ivoa.net/documents/Vocabularies/20230206/REC-Vocabularies-2.1.html%252523tth_sEcC.2%2526source%253Dgmail-imap%2526ust%253D1746354088000000%2526usg%253DAOvVaw0vPm8jxoQ6ePuvFWnKr6ez%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1ycrZjjO3nsONKTFOZrKdf&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw3LMWSLcWjTutlm2E-tPdDi"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"><https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ivoa.net/documents/Vocabularies/20230206/REC-Vocabularies-2.1.html%23tth_sEcC.2&source=gmail-imap&ust=1746354088000000&usg=AOvVaw0vPm8jxoQ6ePuvFWnKr6ez></a>,<br>
                                          while not exactly normative,
                                          is clear on:<br>
                                          <br>
                                           In particular, ensure [...]
                                          resources mentioned in Used-in
                                          can be<br>
                                           reached and reflect the
                                          proposed term [...]<br>
                                          <br>
                                          -- <br>
                                          heig mailing list<br>
                                          <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext"
                                            href="mailto:heig@ivoa.net"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">heig@ivoa.net</a><br>
                                          <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/url?q%253Dhttp://mail.ivoa.net/mailman/listinfo/heig%2526source%253Dgmail-imap%2526ust%253D1746354088000000%2526usg%253DAOvVaw0wTMYFfnqD-UBwfT4NR3kr%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3JvlR5ZVmizFNtZop7Txrj&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw3UGyod-EYAIg_I3GJyRFAM"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mail.ivoa.net/mailman/listinfo/heig&source=gmail-imap&ust=1746354088000000&usg=AOvVaw0wTMYFfnqD-UBwfT4NR3kr</a><br>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                  </div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  Thanks,
                                  <div>—Ian</div>
                                  <div><br>
                                    <div>
                                      <meta charset="UTF-8">
                                      <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">—</span></div>
                                      <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">
Dr. Ian Evans</span></div>
                                      <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font
                                          face="Arial"><span
style="font-size: 12.666666984558105px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Astrophysicist</b></span></font></div>
                                      <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font
                                          face="Arial"><span
style="font-size: 12.666666984558105px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Chandra X-ray Center</b></span></font></div>
                                      <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian</span></div>
                                      <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</span></div>
                                      <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Office: (617) 496 7846 | Cell: (617) 699 5152</span></div>
                                      <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">60 Garden Street | MS 81 | Cambridge, MA 02138</span></div>
                                      <br
class="Apple-interchange-newline"
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
                                      <meta charset="UTF-8">
                                      <meta charset="UTF-8">
                                      <u
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 14.566667556762695px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"
                                          lang="EN"><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://cfa.harvard.edu/%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0-pYU--F-N7Y0nKCGNJSH8&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw0Zt5E6yDnKOi_dac_0z1HY"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"><br
class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                                            <br
class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                                          </a></span></u><font
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"
                                        size="2" face="Arial"><u
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span
style="line-height: 14.566667556762695px;" lang="EN"><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://cfa.harvard.edu/%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0-pYU--F-N7Y0nKCGNJSH8&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw0Zt5E6yDnKOi_dac_0z1HY"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">cfa.harvard.edu</a></span></u><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; line-height: 14.566667556762695px;"
                                          lang="EN"> | <u><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://cfa.harvard.edu/facebook%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2rk5ZZumVXMxyElN-W6EeR&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw1dv2gzuaqoLqIka4HKZvvI"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Facebook</a></u> | <u><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://cfa.harvard.edu/twitter%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2qSrhy1C8EQlIDrIs4dNZN&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw2nN5WaH5fe98wSUW8D1gWa"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Twitter</a></u> | <u><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://cfa.harvard.edu/youtube%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3RvQbhE3Dp0Z7rZEBILot3&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw2U-buwNi_JikcDbi-xxYQR"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">YouTube</a></u></span><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; line-height: 14.566667556762695px;"
                                          lang="EN"> | <u><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://cfa.harvard.edu/newsletter%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2nTLboM54_QXj6kOxrA0ZW&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw2HpxuMGsDptzNXMjiqx53_"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Newsletter</a></u></span></font>
                                    </div>
                                    <br>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
--
Mireille Louys, MCF (Assistant Professor)
Centre de données Astronomiques (CDS)       Equipe Images, ICube
Observatoire de Strasbourg                  Telecom Physique Strasbourg
11, rue de l' Université                    300, Bd Sebastien Brandt CS 10413
F-67000 Strasbourg                          F-67412  Illkirch Cedex</pre>
                          </div>
                          -- <br>
                          heig mailing list<br>
                          <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext"
                            href="mailto:heig@ivoa.net"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">heig@ivoa.net</a><br>
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mail.ivoa.net/mailman/listinfo/heig%26source%3Dgmail-imap%26ust%3D1748285049000000%26usg%3DAOvVaw18dfRwCG5grk9uR5hZc8Kj&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw2dixuPnID37tEOKXAi0-1b"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mail.ivoa.net/mailman/listinfo/heig&source=gmail-imap&ust=1748285049000000&usg=AOvVaw18dfRwCG5grk9uR5hZc8Kj</a><br>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                    </div>
                    <br>
                    <div>
                      <meta charset="UTF-8">
                      <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">—</span></div>
                      <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">
Dr. Ian Evans</span></div>
                      <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font
                          face="Arial"><span
style="font-size: 12.666666984558105px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Astrophysicist</b></span></font></div>
                      <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font
                          face="Arial"><span
style="font-size: 12.666666984558105px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Chandra X-ray Center</b></span></font></div>
                      <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian</span></div>
                      <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</span></div>
                      <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Office: (617) 496 7846 | Cell: (617) 699 5152</span></div>
                      <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">60 Garden Street | MS 81 | Cambridge, MA 02138</span></div>
                      <br class="Apple-interchange-newline"
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
                      <span
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span></span></div>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                  <fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
                  <meta http-equiv="content-type"
                    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
                  <meta http-equiv="content-type"
                    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
                  <div>
                    <div><span></span>
                      <meta charset="UTF-8">
                      <span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br
                          class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                        <span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;"><br>
                        </span></span>
                      <div
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;"> </span><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
                      <span></span></div>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                  <fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
                  <meta http-equiv="content-type"
                    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
                  <div>
                    <div><span></span>
                      <meta charset="UTF-8">
                      <u
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 14.566667556762695px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"
                          lang="EN"><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cfa.harvard.edu/&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw1KzLoUSIgvLI1_tA7Ca_hZ"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"><br
                              class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                            <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                          </a></span></u><font
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"
                        size="2" face="Arial"><u
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span
                            style="line-height: 14.566667556762695px;"
                            lang="EN"><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cfa.harvard.edu/&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw1KzLoUSIgvLI1_tA7Ca_hZ"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">cfa.harvard.edu</a></span></u><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; line-height: 14.566667556762695px;"
                          lang="EN"> | <u><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cfa.harvard.edu/facebook&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw2wbBWrnzaV_Lo2VnL4yzeY"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">Facebook</a></u> | <u><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cfa.harvard.edu/twitter&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw1VzwwjJLNZdFG8BIwHIjAy"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">Twitter</a></u> | <u><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cfa.harvard.edu/youtube&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw2JTokB8DCv9ZhVpaKvugeS"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">YouTube</a></u></span><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; line-height: 14.566667556762695px;"
                          lang="EN"> | <u><a
href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cfa.harvard.edu/newsletter&source=gmail-imap&ust=1749068701000000&usg=AOvVaw210ZPM1-J-cPzyahMp31Xu"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">Newsletter</a></u></span></font>
                    </div>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                  <fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
                </blockquote>
                <p><br>
                </p>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
        <div>
          <meta charset="UTF-8">
          <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">—</span></div>
          <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">
Dr. Ian Evans</span></div>
          <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font
              face="Arial"><span
style="font-size: 12.666666984558105px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Astrophysicist</b></span></font></div>
          <div
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font
              face="Arial"><span
style="font-size: 12.666666984558105px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Chandra X-ray Center</b></span></font></div>
          <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian</span></div>
          <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</span></div>
          <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Office: (617) 496 7846 | Cell: (617) 699 5152</span></div>
          <div
style="font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -webkit-standard; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span
style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">60 Garden Street | MS 81 | Cambridge, MA 02138</span></div>
          <br class="Apple-interchange-newline"
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
          <span
style="font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><img
              alt="PastedGraphic-2.png"
              src="cid:part1.WMVfyudq.XBALr4PK@gmail.com" class=""
              width="263"></span>
          <meta charset="UTF-8">
          <span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br
              class="Apple-interchange-newline">
            <span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;"><br>
            </span></span>
          <div
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;"> </span><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
          <span><img alt="PastedGraphic-3.png"
              src="cid:part2.3p21NtqS.Vi6VRB2J@gmail.com" class=""
              width="111"></span>
          <meta charset="UTF-8">
          <u
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Monaco; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span
style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 14.566667556762695px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"
              lang="EN"><a href="http://cfa.harvard.edu/"
                moz-do-not-send="true"><br
                  class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
              </a></span></u><font
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"
            size="2" face="Arial"><u
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span
                style="line-height: 14.566667556762695px;" lang="EN"><a
                  href="http://cfa.harvard.edu/" moz-do-not-send="true">cfa.harvard.edu</a></span></u><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; line-height: 14.566667556762695px;"
              lang="EN"> | <u><a href="http://cfa.harvard.edu/facebook"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">Facebook</a></u> | <u><a
                  href="http://cfa.harvard.edu/twitter"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">Twitter</a></u> | <u><a
                  href="http://cfa.harvard.edu/youtube"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">YouTube</a></u></span><span
style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; line-height: 14.566667556762695px;"
              lang="EN"> | <u><a
                  href="http://cfa.harvard.edu/newsletter"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">Newsletter</a></u></span></font>
        </div>
        <br>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <p><br>
    </p>
  </body>
</html>