Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies)

Kirk Borne borne at rings.gsfc.nasa.gov
Wed Oct 2 06:49:56 PDT 2002


Thank you Tony.  I can live with that, and (in fact) that is what
I had hoped to receive from this list.

- Kirk


> From: "Tony Linde" <tol at star.le.ac.uk>
> To: <semantics at us-vo.org>
> Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies)
> Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:46:32 +0100
> 
> Kirk, the mailing list was partly set up as the latter. But the problems
> we face and our need for practical solutions are the same as those of
> any other scientific project looking at the issue of ontologies. It is
> natural that we should work with other branches of e-Science.
> (Especially in the case of AstroGrid; we have close links with myGrid, a
> bioinformatics project under the same umbrella of 'UK e-Science'.)
> 
> If this interworking means that we have to explain a little astronomy to
> the bioinformaticians and they have to explain some genetics in return
> then that can only be to our mutual benefit.
> 
> Cheers,
> Tony. 
> __
> Tony Linde                       Phone:  +44 (0)116 223 1292
> AstroGrid Project Manager        Fax:    +44 (0)116 252 3311
> Dept of Physics & Astronomy      Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356
> University of Leicester          Email:  tol at star.le.ac.uk
> Leicester, UK   LE1 7RH          Web:    http://www.astrogrid.org
>  
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Kirk Borne [mailto:borne at rings.gsfc.nasa.gov] 
> > Sent: 02 October 2002 14:12
> > To: semantics at us-vo.org; tol at star.le.ac.uk
> > Cc: seanb at cs.man.ac.uk; p.lord at russet.org.uk
> > Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies)
> > 
> > 
> > Hi.  As a 'lurker', I would like to ask :  is this a mailing 
> > list for Ontology/Semantics discussions or is it a list for 
> > Virtual Observatory discussions related to 
> > ontology/semantics?  I thought that it was the latter.
> > 
> > - Kirk
> > +------------------------------------+------------------------
> > -------------+
> > | Dr. Kirk D. Borne                  | 
> > mailto:Kirk.Borne at gsfc.nasa.gov     |
> > | Institute for Science & Technology, Raytheon (IST at R)        
> >              |
> > | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center   |                        
> >              |
> > | Astrophysics Data Facility         | Phone: 301-286-0696    
> >              |
> > | Code 631                           |     or 
> > 301-286-2772:Kathy Starling  |
> > | Greenbelt, MD  20771               | FAX:   301-286-1771    
> >              |
> > +------------------------------------+------------------------
> > -------------+
> >   US Virtual Observatory:  http://us-vo.org/
> >   Staff page:     
> > http://rings.gsfc.nasa.gov/~borne/bio_borne_kirk.html
> >   Raytheon ITSS:  http://itss.raytheon.com/capabilities/
> > 
> > 
> > > From: "Tony Linde" <tol at star.le.ac.uk>
> > > To: <semantics at us-vo.org>
> > > Cc: "'seanb'" <seanb at cs.man.ac.uk>, "Phillip Lord" 
> > > <p.lord at russet.org.uk>
> > > Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies)
> > > Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:00:16 +0100
> > > 
> > > Welcome Steve.
> > > 
> > > I don't want to spark an OntoWar, but could people 
> > (participants and 
> > > lurkers alike) say if there is any significant difference between a 
> > > topic map approach to ontologies and an OWL (or its ancestors') 
> > > language approach.
> > > 
> > > Are there other approaches of significance?
> > > 
> > > Cheers,
> > > Tony.
> > > 
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: owner-semantics at us-vo.org
> > > > [mailto:owner-semantics at us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Steve Pepper
> > > > Sent: 02 October 2002 12:47
> > > > To: semantics at us-vo.org
> > > > Subject: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies)
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > Thanks to Ashish Mahabal for bringing this forum to my attention.
> > > > 
> > > > Tony Linde wrote (about "Ontology for Dummies"):
> > > > >I know, there isn't such a book, so what can we (the
> > > > non-experts) have
> > > > >to get us up to speed. Can we come up with suggested texts
> > > > that would
> > > > >take a non-expert from basics through to understanding why
> > > > and how to
> > > > >encode a subject domain ontology and why and how to use 
> > it in one 
> > > > >or
> > > > >more applications.
> > > > 
> > > > Here are a couple of papers that I've found useful:
> > > > 
> > > > * Deborah McGuinness' chapter in the forthcoming "Spinning
> > > > the Semantic
> > > >    Web", called "Ontologies Come of Age":
> > > > 
> > > >    
> > > > http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-
> > > > of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm
> > > > 
> > > > * "Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your 
> > First Ontology"
> > > >    by Natalya F. Noy  and Deborah L. McGuinness
> > > > 
> > > >    
> > > > http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/
> > > > ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html
> > > > 
> > > > I don't know of anything that discusses ontology design with
> > > > specific reference to topic maps (apart from internal course 
> > > > material here at Ontopia), but the principles are pretty 
> > > > simple. If you've read "The TAO of Topic Maps" [1] you know 
> > > > that the core concepts in topic maps are Topics, 
> > > > Associations, and Occurrences (hence "TAO"). Each of these 
> > > > can be classified by type (topic types, association types, 
> > > > occurrence types)
> > > > - and types are themselves also topics...
> > > > 
> > > > Thus "Puccini" is a topic of type "composer", and "composer"
> > > > is also a topic. The association (relationship) between the 
> > > > topic "Puccini" and the topic "Tosca" (which is of type 
> > > > "opera") is of type "composed by", which is also a topic. An 
> > > > information resource containing the libretto of Tosca would 
> > > > be an occurrence (of type "libretto") of the topic "Tosca".
> > > > 
> > > > In this example, the (typing) topics "composer", "opera",
> > > > "composed by" and "libretto" constitute the ontology -- or 
> > > > what some people term the "upper ontology". The "lower 
> > > > ontology" consists of the individuals, "Puccini", "Tosca" etc.
> > > > 
> > > > (Apologies for not being able to give you examples from your
> > > > own domain: The only "stars" I am familiar with are ones like 
> > > > Maria Callas and Pavarotti :-)
> > > > 
> > > > It seems to me (correct me if I am wrong!) that what this
> > > > initiative needs is
> > > > 
> > > > (1) agreement, as far as possible, on a common upper 
> > ontology and how
> > > >      to *identify* the classes it consists of
> > > > (2) agreement on how to identify a useful common subset of known
> > > >      individuals, but without (necessarily) assigning those
> > > > individuals
> > > >      to classes (since this might be controversial).
> > > > 
> > > > As soon as you have that, everyone can start making their own
> > > > assertions about any of the subjects in question in such a 
> > > > way that knowledge about them can be aggregated, shared 
> > and reused.
> > > > 
> > > > I would advise you to apply the KISS principle. You will
> > > > experience an almost irresistible temptation to bite off more 
> > > > than you can chew, to "overmodel", to get embroiled in 
> > > > endless discussions about almost unresolvable details. Resist 
> > > > that temptation! Agree on the minimal common subset that is 
> > > > actually useful and extend it later as necessary. In 
> > > > particular, don't bother at this stage to try and express 
> > > > complex constraints on the classes you identify for the upper 
> > > > ontology.
> > > > 
> > > > Finally, I would advise you to look seriously at the
> > > > Published Subject initiatives taking place under the auspices 
> > > > of OASIS:
> > > > 
> > >     http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/
> > > 
> > > You will achieve a lot in a short time if you concentrate 
> > on defining 
> > > published subjects for your upper and lower ontologies. Among other 
> > > things, it will make the choice of knowledge representation 
> > formalism 
> > > less important, since published subjects allow multiple 
> > formalisms to 
> > > interoperate. If anyone is interested in pursuing such a 
> > course, say 
> > > so (in a new thread) and Bernard Vatant and I can explain how to go 
> > > about it.
> > > 
> > > I wish you luck in your endeavours and will continue to 
> > lurk here in 
> > > case I can be of use.
> > > 
> > > Steve
> > > 
> > > [1] http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html
> > > 
> > > --
> > > Steve Pepper, Chief Executive Officer <pepper at ontopia.net> 
> > Convenor, 
> > > ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG3  Editor, XTM (XML Topic Maps) Ontopia AS, 
> > > Waldemar Thranes gt. 98, N-0175 Oslo, Norway. 
> http://www.ontopia.net/ 
> > phone:
> > +47-23233080 GSM: +47-90827246



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